a barrage of criticism

Origin

The word "barrage" itself originates from the French barrer, meaning "to bar" or "to dam," initially referring to a barrier or an artificial obstruction. However, its modern, powerful sense stems from early 20th-century military parlance, particularly during World War I. A "barrage" described a concentrated, sustained artillery bombardment—a wall of shells deliberately fired to protect advancing troops or to prevent enemy movement. It was a terrifying, relentless onslaught of explosive power. From this visceral image of overwhelming, continuous artillery fire, the phrase smoothly transitioned into civilian language, vividly portraying any intense, relentless outpouring, be it questions, complaints, or, most commonly, "a barrage of criticism," where words impact with the force of cannon fire.